上週寫完 I, self, mind, immortality and death 之後,在 Comment 裡收到了推薦「Ghost in the Shell」(攻殻機動隊)的留言,所以就跑去看了~不得不說在發現原著是 1989 年開始連載的時候,真的震撼了,原來在那麼早之前就已經有對這些問題的各種討論了∑(゚Д゚)
「Ghost in the Shell」在整體貫穿主線的同時,每集故事探討的話題相對獨立,所以其實有很多可以聊的點。比如宗教對於人體「cyborg / 機械義體 / 電子腦」化的態度;cyborg 社會中的各種問題 —— 階層、貧富、難民、電子毒品等;電子腦化之後自己的記憶、視覺都可能被輕易地被 Hack,那麼什麼才是真實與自我?
回到作品名本身 ——「Ghost in the Shell」—— 軀殼中的靈魂
「Ghost」一詞也是《攻殼機動隊》中的術語,指義體無法複製代表人類個性的意識。人造的義體、假肢、電子腦不過只是「shell」——一個空殼,無法複製的Ghost才是真正定義每個人存在的「靈魂」,沒有Ghost的機器人或者仿生人僅僅是由人工智慧驅動的哲學殭屍,並不是真正的人類。《攻殼機動隊》世界中的義體化、電子化人類就相當於「Ghosts in shells」——棲息在人造軀殼裡的人類意識。—— https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-tw/攻殼機動隊
在看完第一季「Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex」和第二季「Ghost in the Shell: S.A.C 2nd GIG」之後,印象最深的還是 9 臺萌物們 —— 思考戰車「タチコマ」(塔奇克馬)。在第一季中萌物們有過如下對話
「廢棄處分等於死亡嗎?」—— タチコマ D
「在我們可能體驗到的領域中,並沒有死亡這一項,所以也不能這麼說…」—— タチコマ A
「這就是我們這種沒有靈魂的AI的極限吧,怎麼說都是半不死身。不算活著,所以也不會死」—— タチコマ C
「沒錯,果然是因為我們沒有靈魂才會引發這種種的問題」—— タチコマ A
「廢棄處分應該不等於死亡吧」—— タチコマ B
「咦?是這樣嗎?」—— タチコマ E
「物理性身體以及靈魂,必須不多不少完全一致的時代,早就結束了。極端的說,沒有身體的資料集合體也並非完全不可能孕育出靈魂」—— タチコマ B
……
「我問你,你覺得「活著」是怎麼一回事呢?」—— タチコマ E
「嗯…這個嘛,「生命」這個字的定義本身就是流動的」—— タチコマ B
「怎麼說?」—— タチコマ E
「因為跟機器人有了接觸,人類對生命的印象在不知不覺中產生改變。不過發生變化的不是機器人,反而應該說是人類那邊吧」—— タチコマ B
——「Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex」Episode 15, 08:30 - 09:54
The nervous system. That is us...the rest of the body is an organic spacesuit worn by this creature to live on this particular rock revolving around a star.
Dasein is a being that does not simply occur among other beings. Rather it is ontically distinguished by the fact that in its being this being is concerned about its very being. Thus it is constitutive of the being of Dasein to have, in its very being, a relation of being to this being.
mind-uploading,简单来说就是把你的意识「mind」 扫描到计算机里,然后利用计算机来模拟原来的大脑的功能。(暂且让我们假设以后某天可以做到这一点,因为 mind-uploading 技术方面的事情不是本文所关心的内容,但是可以参考 Sandberg and Bostrom 在 2008 年发表的一篇论文)
可是,这样真的算达到了 immortality 吗?
Love, Death and Robots
在 Netflix 原创剧集「Love, Death and Robots」Season 1 Episode 15 中,Rookie 认为他的队友都死了,然而最后大家的意识都被 Bob 投影了出来,这个时候 Hawk 才告诉 Rookie,
也就是说,在那个世界中,一个存在(being,因为不能说是人,也不能简单的说是机器人)的意识是可以被数字化的,被数字化也就意味着有了上传、下载、备份的可能性。同时在这集「Love, Death and Robots」中,编剧也靠 Sui, Hawk, Kali 和 Bob 暗示我们,他认为只要有你的意识的备份存在,你就是一直存在的,即 immortality。
「Love, Death and Robots」的编剧显然也考虑到了这两点,因为 Rookie 一开始是不知道有这项技术的,他是参加了这次作战,且队友不幸“牺牲”才知道的。Bob 在最后告诉迷惑的 Rookie,「You should have read your contract, kid」。也就是说编剧认为,在未来即使对 mind 的复制、备份等是可行的,也不是任何人想做就能做的,很可能是限制在军事行动中,或者只有少数人才有能力做到(包括钞能力hhhhhh)。
其实在剧中编剧也有不少暗示,比如 Sui 在最后面对 Boss 时,头被扯掉了。而通常都认为「大脑」在头上,头与身体分开了,也就无法再控制身体,或者是「死了」。然而后一幕中,眼看 Rookie 无路可逃时,Sui 却站起来了,随之镜头一转,原来 Sui 的「Brain」并不在头上,而是在身体上。其实这里的话,就已经隐约可以感觉到剧中的世界有 mind-uploading 类似的技术了。
With the rapid development of machine learning in computer vision field, face recognition technology is deployed in most CCTV systems that run by government. On the one hand, some people are concerning that this technology will infringe on their privacy. On the other hand, it's believed by some people that the wide installation of CCTV can significantly reduce the crime rate and help police to solve cases.
The technology itself is neutral. It is who decides whether you are a criminal or not that matters.
Last weekend, I went from Cambridge to Blenheim Palace and the city centre of Oxford. The 2-hour bus ride was quite a long time, thus I fall asleep several times. The bus arrived Blenheim Palace at half past 10, which was right on the opening time.
Blenheim Palace was pretty gorgeous when I stepped inside. But it was not only the Palace that attracted me, but also the garden inside it! Though the weather was cloudy for most of the time, the garden of Blenheim Palace was fabulous still! Perhaps this is one of the reasons that it is said to be the finest view in England.
The swan swam on the lake, the small house sat besides the river and the path lay in the forest. Just standing there and looking at the stunning landscape they made up was absolutely breath-taking. If the weather had been better, the landscape would have been tremendous. ☆〜(ゝ。∂)
(Notice - if you're using cellar network, please be aware that this post contains many photos)